Ludhiana

Ludhiana, Punjab's largest city and industrial powerhouse, is a major centre for textile manufacturing and bicycle production, its commercial energy reflecting the broader entrepreneurial character often associated with Punjab's economy. While not a conventional heritage tourism destination, the city retains some historical sites, including the Old Lodhi Fort ruins referencing the Lodi dynasty from which the city's name derives.

For most visitors, Ludhiana functions primarily as a commercial and transit hub rather than a heritage or leisure destination, though its role as one of Punjab's most economically significant cities gives it interest for those wanting to understand the state's contemporary industrial character alongside its more historically focused tourist circuit.

Ludhiana's name is believed to derive from the Lodi dynasty, who established a settlement here in the late 15th century, though the city's modern prominence as an industrial centre developed considerably later, particularly through the 20th century.

Ludhiana has its own airport with limited connections and is a major railway junction.